The intention is to thoroughly remove all traces of contamination tightly adhering or embedded onto solid surfaces. This action also penetrates blind holes, cracks, and recesses.
The agitation produces high forces on contaminants adhering to substrates like metals, plastics, glass, rubber, and ceramics. Ultrasonic cleaning uses cavitation bubbles induced by high frequency pressure (sound) waves to agitate a liquid. Ultrasonic cleaning has been used industrially for decades, particularly to clean small intricate parts, and to accelerate surface treatment processes. The surface mechanisms of ultrasonic cleaning are well understood, with many works dedicated to this science since the first commercial ultrasonic cleaning equipment appeared in the 1950s, and came into use as relatively inexpensive home appliances in about 1970.
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